Aluminum-doped ZnO nanoparticles: gas-phase synthesis and dopant location

Printed electronics, as an extension to conventional electronics, has grown considerably for decades. At this moment, therefore, tracing the development of this technology up to the present will provide researchers and R&D planners with better understanding of the technology’s evolving characteristics and insights for further R&D directions. This paper carries out two bibliographic analyses to study the technology development life cycle and the technological knowledge within the area of printed electronics. First, we fit a growth curve to yearly patent registration data, thereby calculating several indicators, including the current technological maturity ratio, the number of potential future patents and the expected remaining life. Second, we identify the core and brokering technology classes within the overall technology network of printed electronics by combining patent co-classification analysis and social network analysis. As a result, we could obtain some findings from the inventional point of view; the technological development of printed electronics has entered the maturity stage, and the expected remaining life was 8.5 years as of the beginning of 2013. In addition, we identified several technology areas that have the high importance to act as both core and brokering technologies, apparatus for metal working, anti-inductive structures, and electronic circuit control systems.     

The computation of dispersion relations for axisymmetric waveguides using the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method

This paper addresses the computation of dispersion curves and mode shapes of elastic guided waves in axisymmetric waveguides. The approach is based on a Scaled Boundary Finite Element formulation, that has previously been presented for plate structures and general three-dimensional waveguides with complex cross-section. The formulation leads to a Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem for the computation of wavenumbers and displacement amplitudes, that can be solved very efficiently. In the axisymmetric representation, only the radial direction in a cylindrical coordinate system has to be discretized, while the circumferential direction as well as the direction of propagation are described analytically. It is demonstrated, how the computational costs can drastically be reduced by employing spectral elements of extremely high order. Additionally, an alternative formulation is presented, that leads to real coefficient matrices. It is discussed, how these two approaches affect the computational efficiency, depending on the elasticity matrix. In the case of solid cylinders, the singularity of the governing equations that occurs in the center of the cross-section is avoided by changing the quadrature scheme. Numerical examples show the applicability of the approach to homogeneous as well as layered structures with isotropic or anisotropic material behavior.     

Deoxygenation of coordinated oxaphosphiranes: a new route to pc double-bond systems

Phosphaalkenes: Deoxygenation of oxaphosphirane complexes 1 and 2 by using Ti(III) complexes gave mixtures of E/Z phosphaalkene complexes 3?a,?b and 4?a,?b. Theoretical calculations of deoxygenation pathways of 1 revealed that the final products are obtained via intermediate 5 providing the final products by reaction with a second [TiCpCl(2) ] unit and C?O bond cleavage.     

Validation of a multi-residue method for the determination of several antibiotic groups in honey by LC-MS/MS

The presented multi-method was developed for the confirmation of 37 antibiotic substances from the six antibiotic groups: macrolides, lincosamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, pleuromutilines and diamino-pyrimidine derivatives. All substances were analysed simultaneously in a single analytical run with the same procedure, including an extraction with buffer, a clean-up by solid-phase extraction, and the measurement by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in ESI+ mode. The method was validated on the basis of an in-house validation concept with factorial design by combination of seven factors to check the robustness in a concentration range of 5-50 μg kg(-1). The honeys used were of different types with regard to colour and origin. The values calculated for the validation parameters-decision limit CCα (range, 7.5-12.9 μg kg(-1)), detection capability CCβ (range, 9.4-19.9 μg kg(-1)), within-laboratory reproducibility RSD(wR) (<20% except for tulathromycin with 23.5% and tylvalosin with 21.4 %), repeatability RSD(r) (<20% except for tylvalosin with 21.1%), and recovery (range, 92-106%)-were acceptable and in agreement with the criteria of Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The validation results showed that the method was applicable for the residue analysis of antibiotics in honey to substances with and without recommended concentrations, although some changes had been tested during validation to determine the robustness of the method.     

A Coordination Polymer based on Interconnection of Thioantimonate(III) and [Mn(terpy)]2+ Complexes: Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Properties of {[(Mn(terpy))2Sb4S8]·0.5H2O}n

Applying Schlippe's salt, Na₃SbS₄ · 9H₂O, in the presence of the in-situ formed [Mn(terpy)]²⁺ complex (terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) the new compound {[(Mn(terpy))₂Sb₄S₈] · 0.5H₂O}_n ( I ) could be obtained under solvothermal conditions. Interestingly, in the crystal structure the two unique Mn²⁺ cations adopt different environments to form a MnN₃S₃ octahedron and a MnN₃S₂ trigonal pyramid. The trigonal pyramidal SbS₃^3– anions share common edges yielding a Sb₈S₈ ring. Covalent bonds between Mn²⁺ and S^2– generate MnSb₂S₃ and Mn₂Sb₄S₆ heterocycles. The Sb₈S₈ and Mn₂Sb₄S₆ rings are condensed to form a chain. The MnN₃S₃ octahedron and the MnN₃S₂ polyhedron share a common S^2– anion and antiferromagnetic properties are observed mediated by superexchange interactions. {[(Mn(terpy))₂Sb₄S₈] · 0.5H₂O}_n shows luminescence in the blue-green spectral range, assigned to combined contributions from Mn²⁺ ions and from the organic ligand.     

Equiatomic Rare Earth (Ln) Transition Metal Antimonides LnTSb (T=Rh, lr) and Bismuthides LnTBi (T=Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt)

Thirty-eight new ternary equiatomic antimonides and bismuthides were prepared by reaction of the elemental components at high temperatures, and the structures of four compounds were refined from single-crystal X-ray data. The antimonides LnRhSb (Ln=Sm, Gd-Tm) and LnIrSb (Ln=La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Tm) crystallize with the orthorhombic TiNiSi-type structure, which was refined for TbRhSb (a=713.3(2) pm, b=452.0(1) pm, c=778.8(2) pm, R=0.016 for 306 structure factors and 20 variable parameters) and SmIrSb (a= 722.4(2) pm, b=452.9(1) pm, c=786.1(2) pm, R=0.023 for 559 F values and 20 variables). The bismuthides LnRhBi (Ln=Pr-Sm) also crystallize with TiNiSi-type structure which was refined for SmRhBi (a=728.0(2) pm, b=467.9(1) pm, c=795.7(2) pm, R=0.037 for 481 F values and 20 variables). The hexagonal ZrNiAl-type structure was established for the compounds LnRhBi (Ln=Gd-Er) through a structure refinement of DyRhBi (a=757.9(2) pm, c=392.6(1) pm, R=0.026 for 423 F values and 14 variables). The bismuthides LnNiBi (Ln=Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Ho, Er), ScPdBi, LnPdBi (Ln=La, Er, Tm, Lu), and LaPtBi are isotypic with cubic MgAgAs. The atomic order for these equiatomic ternary bismuthides was determined for PrNiBi and LaPtBi from X-ray powder data. The structural chemistry of these compounds is briefly discussed.